Addressing a particular scoping concern within jQuery

Often I come across this specific pattern.
Could someone please provide me with a canonical method of ensuring that only image1 is displayed once? In example two, it works flawlessly - but the reason behind its success eludes me. Any insights or explanations on this particular scenario would be greatly appreciated, despite having perused closure concepts online :)

Starting off with the initial code:

$(document).ready(function() {
  $("#prev, #next").click(function() {
    var mainImage = $("#image1");
    if (mainImage.css("visibility")=="hidden") {
      $(mainImage.css("visibility","visible");
      return;
    }
    var currentNumber = parseInt(mainImage.attr("src").split('gallery/')[1]); 
    var newNumber = ($(this).attr("id")=="next")?currentNumber+1:currentNumber-1;
    var testImage = new Image();
    testImage.onload = function() {
      var img = $("#image1");
      img.attr("src",this.src);
      img.css("visibility","visible");   
    }
    testImage.onerror = function() {
      $("#image1").css("visibility","hidden");   
    }
    testImage.src = "gallery/" + newNumber + ".jpg";
    return false;
  });
});

Exploring a closure - why does it work as intended? Is this merely a scoping issue?

$(document).ready(function() {
  $("#prev, #next").click(function() {
    var mainImage = $("#image1"); // supposed to be local to the click function
    if (mainImage.css("visibility") == "hidden") {
      $(mainImage.css("visibility", "visible");
      return;
    }
    var currentNumber = parseInt(mainImage.attr("src").split('gallery/')[1]); 
    var newNumber = ($(this).attr("id") == "next") ? currentNumber + 1 : currentNumber - 1;
    var testImage = new Image();
    testImage.onload = function() {
      mainImage.attr("src", this.src); // how is mainImage accessible here?
      mainImage.css("visibility", "visible");   
    }
    testImage.onerror = function() {
      mainImage.css("visibility", "hidden"); // how is mainImage accessible here?
    }
    testImage.src = "gallery/" + newNumber + ".jpg";
    return false;
  });
});

Answer №1

When it comes to JavaScript, variables exist within the scope of the function in which they are defined, as well as any 'subfunctions' (local functions) inside that function.

For instance:

function func1(){
   var variable1 = "Defined in func1. ";
   function func2(){
      var variable2 = "Defined in func2. ";
      alert(variable1); //Displays "Defined in func1"
      function func3(){
          alert(variable1 + variable2); //Displays "Defined in func1. Defined in func2";
      }
   }
   alert(variable2); //Shows 'undefined' (func1 does not recognize variable2)
}

This concept applies to your code as well. Your variable mainImage exists in every local function. It is important to remember that bound functions also fall under the category of local functions, regardless of their naming or declaration style.

I hope this explanation proves useful. Cheers!

Answer №2

Understanding the concept of JavaScript scoping is crucial. Let's delve into an example:

var func1 = function(){
    console.log(i + 2);
};

var myFunc = function(){
    var i = 1;
    var func2 = function(){
        console.log(i + 2);
    };
    func2(); // returns 3
    func1(); // throws ReferenceError: i is not defined
};

Answer №3

When mainImage is defined with the var keyword, it becomes accessible globally across all functions.

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