Error encountered in the main thread: Could not find class definition for org/openqa/selenium/remote/codec/w3c/W3CHttpCommandCodec

An issue occurred in the main thread with the message: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/remote/codec/w3c/W3CHttpCommandCodec

Could this error be related to dependencies? I tried searching for solutions on Stack Overflow but couldn't find a fix.

Below is the code snippet:

import java.io.File;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;

import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidDriver;
import io.appium.java_client.android.AndroidElement;
import io.appium.java_client.remote.MobileCapabilityType;

public class base {
    
    public static AndroidDriver<AndroidElement> Capabilities() throws MalformedURLException {
        
        File appdir=new File("src");
        File app=new File(appdir,"ApiDemos-debug.apk");
        
        DesiredCapabilities cap = new DesiredCapabilities();
        cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME,"Emulator1");
        cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME,"uiautomator2");
        cap.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP, app.getAbsolutePath());
        AndroidDriver<AndroidElement> driver=new AndroidDriver<>(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"),cap);
        return driver;
    }

This is the output of the test run:

Aug 13, 2019 11:26:55 PM io.appium.java_client.remote.AppiumCommandExecutor$1 lambda$0
INFO: Detected dialect: W3C
An exception occurred in the main thread with the message: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/openqa/selenium/remote/codec/w3c/W3CHttpCommandCodec
...

Answer №1

You're experiencing a case of "Jar Hell" because:

  1. Appium Java Client 7.0.0 includes Selenium Java 3.141.59 in its list of dependencies
  2. Your project explicitly requires Selenium Java Client 3.12.0
  3. Java Classloading is causing conflicts by loading classes with incompatible APIs and dependencies, resulting in the error you are encountering

The solution is to remove Selenium Java Client 3.12.0 from your project dependencies or classpath. Maven will automatically handle the necessary dependencies.

For more information and example projects, refer to the Appium - Code Examples - Java article.

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