How should the value of 'true' be formatted in JSON?

While some JSON parsers may consider it invalid, both PHP and Javascript treat a simple true response as valid JSON:

true

In PHP, the following code snippets demonstrate how "true" is considered valid JSON:

PHP-

echo json_encode( true ); // outputs: true
echo json_decode( true ); // outputs: 1
echo gettype(json_decode( true )); // outputs: boolean

Similarly in jQuery:

JSON.stringify( true );   // outputs: true
jQuery.parseJSON( true ); // outputs: true
typeof jQuery.parseJSON( true ); // outputs: boolean

Despite what validators may suggest, it appears that sending a true response formatted as JSON is just fine. Perhaps the validators need to reconsider their criteria.

Answer №1

According to the RFC, a JSON text is essentially a serialized object or array.

The JSON-text can be represented as either an object or an array.

  JSON-text = object / array

Most parsers adhere to strict rules where the JSON string must begin with an object or array. However, there are some less stringent parsers that may accept a JSON string containing only the value true.

Therefore, your choices are:

  • Avoid using JSON altogether
  • Enclose your boolean value in either an object: {"result":true} or an array: [true]

Update:

Newer versions of the JSON specification (as outlined in this document) now explicitly permit any serialized value to act as the root element of a JSON document:

The JSON text is considered a serialized value. It's worth noting that previous JSON specifications limited a JSON text to being an object or an array. Implementations that consistently produce objects or arrays where a JSON text is expected will ensure interoperability, meaning all implementations will recognize these as compliant JSON texts.

This update signifies that it's now permissible to utilize a boolean as a unique value. However, not all libraries have been updated, so utilizing anything other than an object or an array could still present challenges in certain scenarios.

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