Secure user authentication using SSL certificates in Django

Currently developing a web application for an exclusive user group that will only be accessible via HTTPS. The server needs to verify if users are permitted access by checking their SSL certificates. I am considering using a whitelist approach, where each user's certificate would be added to their profile instead of having to sign keys with my CA. This way, the content served will be dependent on the certificate presented by the client.

While I could supply a list of user certificates to apache or nginx, I find this solution tedious as it requires maintaining the list in two separate places - apache (access/deny) and Django (auth middleware). Keeping these lists updated could become challenging over time.

Exploring if there is a more streamlined approach to handling SSL verification. Would it be better to let Django manage the SSL authentication process?

Answer №1

My latest project involved developing a custom django module specifically for this purpose. The code is now open source and available under the MIT license on GitHub. Essentially, the implementation works by:

  1. Having nginx manage all SSL & Certificate validation tasks
  2. Configuring a Django authentication backend to associate validated certificate distinguished names with your chosen User model.

Answer №2

First off, it is important to note that there are two distinct methods of utilizing a certificate. By using a server-signed cert from a CA, the user will authenticate before the page loads (establishing a secure channel), allowing you to identify them. On the other hand, storing the user cert in the UserProfile implies storing the private cert - a considerably insecure approach. What specific information do you plan on keeping in the user profile for authentication purposes? If you are reading this data from UserProfile, how will the user actually authenticate? Via username and password? In that case, what is the purpose of the cert in the profile?

I personally would advise against implementing SSL within Django. A more effective approach is delegating all SSL responsibilities to Apache through a HTTP header. Provide users with a certificate that they can install in their browsers. When they connect to the site, Django can verify the certificate and extract the associated username from the request. This username can then be passed as a HTTP header to the Django app, such as HTTP_USER_NAME=some_user. Ensure that Apache removes any headers like these from the client's request. The Django App should then trust that Apache has completed the authentication process and retrieve the username. This method is successful with Nginx, and although I have not tested it with Apache, there shouldn't be any reasons why it wouldn't work; perhaps an additional apache mod may be required.

The only drawback of this approach is the potential manual effort involved in signing/sending certificates to users. However, if this operation is infrequent, it may be worth it for the security benefits it provides.

UPDATE: For guidance on implementing SSL authentication in Apache, refer to this link: . Additionally, here is a resource for configuring nginx for the same purpose: .

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