Tips for determining the time and space complexity of this JavaScript code

Here are two codes utilized by my platform to establish relationships between nodes. code1 :

const getNodeRelationship = (node1, node2) => {
    // if node1 and node2 are the same node
    if (node1 === node2) return null;

    // check direct parent
    let parent = node1.parentElement
    if (parent === node2) {
        return 'parent';
    }

    // if both node1 and node2 have the same parent
    if (node1.parentNode === node2.parentNode) {
        return 'sibling';
    }

    // check direct children
    for (const child of node1.children) {
        if (child === node2) return 'child';
    }

    return null;
}

code2:

const getNodeRelationship = (node1, node2) => {
    // Helper function to check the relation between the two nodes
    const checkParentDirectChild = (parent, child) => {
        // If the parent node exists, iterate over its childNodes
        if (parent) {
            for (const curNode of parent.childNodes) {
                if (curNode === child) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    // if node1 and node2 are the same node
    if (node1 === node2) {
        return null;
    }
    
    // if node2 is a direct child of node1
    if (checkParentDirectChild(node1, node2)) {
        return 'child';
    }

    // if node1 is a direct child of node2
    if (checkParentDirectChild(node2, node1)) {
        return 'parent';
    }
    
    // if both node1 and node2 have the same parent
    if (checkParentDirectChild(node1.parentNode, node2) && checkParentDirectChild(node2.parentNode, node1)) {
        return 'sibling';
    }
    
    return null;
}

I believe the time complexity and space complexity will be O(1) for both codes since they only evaluate direct parent-child connections between nodes. This eliminates the need for any DFS or BFS algorithms.

However, in a scenario where node1 has millions of child nodes and node2 is the final one, wouldn't the loop run a million times in both proposed solutions?

I am unsure. Can someone help me confirm the time and space complexities involved?

Answer №1

Imagine if node1 had a million child nodes and node2 was the last one. Would the loop really run a million times in the solution proposed?

Indeed, in the worst-case scenario, it would. This emphasizes the importance of knowing the branching factor 𝑏 of your tree. Whether you consider the average or maximum branching factor, the time complexity remains O(𝑏) due to the iteration over the children of each node.

The space complexity is O(1).

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