Utilizing various settings using `.env` files in NodeJs

As I work on building a backend in nodejs, one of the key considerations is how to incorporate an environment configuration into the project. I am envisioning a structure where there is a /config folder housing my envparser.ts (still brainstorming a catchier name for this ^^) which would interpret my .env files and convert them into regular javascript constants. Using scripts within my package.json, my goal is to be able to seamlessly switch between different environments. However, I'm currently stuck on the question of how to effectively alternate between multiple .env files using dotenv.

File Structure:

config/
   .env.development
   .env.production
   envparser.ts

Scripts:

yarn start
yarn start -p/-production //Alternatively, explore a different syntax for changing environments
node.jstypescriptecmascript-6dotenv

Answer №1

To access your environment variables stored in different .env.* files, you can make use of the dotenv package.

If you need to switch between various environments, you can do so by changing the value of the NODE_ENV variable when running different commands specified in your package.json.

For example:

"scripts": {
    "start": "NODE_ENV=development nodemon index.js",
    "deploy": "NODE_ENV=production node index.js"
}

Afterwards, you can access these configurations in your index.js file like this:

require('dotenv').config({ path: `.env.${process.env.NODE_ENV}` })

Answer №2

You can implement something similar to this in the scripts section of your package.json file

"start:dev": "node -r dotenv/config your_script.js dotenv_config_path=/custom/path/to/.env.development", 
"start:prod": "node -r dotenv/config your_script.js dotenv_config_path=/custom/path/to/.env.production"

To start the server in development mode, run npm run start:dev

To start the server in production mode, run npm run start:prod

Answer №3

To include the following snippet in your scripts section of package.json:

"dev": "nodemon -r dotenv/config index.js"

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