What is the best way to connect a ref to a stateless component in React?

I need help creating a stateless component with an input element that can be validated by the parent component.

In my code snippet below, I'm facing an issue where the input ref is not being assigned to the parent's private _emailAddress property.

When handleSubmit is triggered, this._emailAddress turns out to be undefined. Am I overlooking something, or is there a more efficient approach to accomplish this?

interface FormTestState {
    errors: string;
}

class FormTest extends React.Component<void, FormTestState> {
    componentWillMount() {
        this.setState({ errors: '' });
    }

    render(): JSX.Element {
        return (
            <main role='main' className='about_us'>             
                <form onSubmit={this._handleSubmit.bind(this)}>
                    <TextInput 
                        label='email'
                        inputName='txtInput'
                        ariaLabel='email'
                        validation={this.state.errors}
                        ref={r => this._emailAddress = r}
                    />

                    <button type='submit'>submit</button>
                </form>
            </main>
        );
    }

    private _emailAddress: HTMLInputElement;

    private _handleSubmit(event: Event): void {
        event.preventDefault();
        // this._emailAddress is undefined
        if (!Validators.isEmail(this._emailAddress.value)) {
            this.setState({ errors: 'Please enter an email address.' });
        } else {
            this.setState({ errors: 'All Good.' });
        }
    }
}

const TextInput = ({ label, inputName, ariaLabel, validation, ref }: { label: string; inputName: string; ariaLabel: string; validation?: string; ref: (ref: HTMLInputElement) => void }) => (
    <div>
        <label htmlFor='txt_register_first_name'>
            { label }
        </label>

        <input type='text' id={inputName} name={inputName} className='input ' aria-label={ariaLabel} ref={ref} />

        <div className='input_validation'>
            <span>{validation}</span>
        </div>
    </div>
);

Answer №1

Utilize the useRef hook, which has been accessible since v16.7.0-alpha.

UPDATE: It is now recommended to use Hooks in production starting from the 16.8.0 release!

Hooks allow you to manage state and deal with side effects in functional components.

function TextInputWithFocusButton() {
  const inputEl = useRef(null);
  const onButtonClick = () => {
    // `current` points to the mounted text input element
    inputEl.current.focus();
  };
  return (
    <>
      <input ref={inputEl} type="text" />
      <button onClick={onButtonClick}>Focus the input</button>
    </>
  );
}

For further information, refer to the Hooks API documentation

Answer №2

UPDATE: React Hooks now provide a solution. Check out the answer by Ante Gulin.

When working with stateless components in React, such as those that do not have methods like componentDidMount or componentWillReceiveProps, it is not possible to access certain functionalities like refs. To delve deeper into this limitation, refer to this discussion on GitHub.

The essence of a stateless component lies in the absence of an instance (state). Consequently, attaching a ref becomes impractical since there is no underlying state to associate it with.

One workaround is to pass in a callback function to handle component changes and update the parent's state accordingly.

Alternatively, you may opt to forgo using a stateless component altogether and switch to a traditional class component.

Referencing the official documentation:

Functional components cannot utilize the ref attribute as they lack instances. However, it is possible to use the ref attribute within the render function of a functional component.

function CustomTextInput(props) {
  // textInput must be declared here so the ref callback can refer to it
  let textInput = null;

  function handleClick() {
    textInput.focus();
  }

  return (
    <div>
      <input
        type="text"
        ref={(input) => { textInput = input; }} />
      <input
        type="button"
        value="Focus the text input"
        onClick={handleClick}
      />
    </div>
  );  
}

Answer №3

Although it's a bit delayed, I stumbled upon this solution which seems much more efficient. Take note of how it utilizes useRef and how properties can be accessed through the current property.

function EnhancedTextInput(props) {
  // textInput needs to be declared here for the ref to work
  const textInput = useRef(null);

  function handleClick() {
    textInput.current.focus();
  }

  return (
    <div>
      <input
        type="text"
        ref={textInput} />
      <input
        type="button"
        value="Focus on the text input"
        onClick={handleClick}
      />
    </div>
  );
}

To learn more about this, you can refer to the react docs

Answer №4

Your TextInput's value represents the current state of your component. Instead of using a reference to retrieve the current value (which can be risky), it's better to access the current state directly.

Here is a simplified example:

class InputForm extends React.Component {
  constructor() {
    this.state = { _inputValue: '' };

    this.updateInputValue = this.updateInputValue.bind(this);
    this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
  }

  updateInputValue(e) {
    this.setState({ _inputValue: e.target.value });
  }

  handleSubmit() {
    console.log(this.state._inputValue);
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <input
          value={this.state._inputValue}
          onChange={this.updateInputValue}
        />
      </form>
    );
  }
}

Answer №5

One way to access references in functional components is by using some simple setup

import React, { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';

// Main functional, complex component
const Canvas = (props) => {
  const canvasRef = useRef(null);

    // Canvas State
  const [canvasState, setCanvasState] = useState({
      stage: null,
      layer: null,
      context: null,
      canvas: null,
      image: null
  });

  useEffect(() => {
    canvasRef.current = canvasState;
    props.getRef(canvasRef);
  }, [canvasState]);


  // Initialize canvas
  useEffect(() => {
    setupCanvas();
  }, []);

  // ... This example involves a Konva canvas with external controls ...

  return (<div>...</div>);
}

// Toolbar which can manipulate the canvas
const Toolbar = (props) => {
  console.log("Toolbar", props.canvasRef)

  // ...
}

// Parent component that receives the ref from Canvas and passes it to Toolbar
const CanvasView = (props) => {
  const canvasRef = useRef(null);

  return (
    <Toolbar canvasRef={canvasRef} />
    <Canvas getRef={ ref => canvasRef.current = ref.current } />
}

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