What strategies can be used to create a Page Object Model that is free from redundancy?

Question

What strategies can be used to create a Page Object Model that is free from redundancy?

Currently, I am working on automating UI testing using the Page Object Model (POM) in Python with Selenium. One question that I have is how to handle duplicate test cases efficiently.

For instance, let's consider two web pages: the Login page and the Homepage. I aim to test three specific scenarios:

Testing the Homepage functionalities before login: test_homepage_before_login.py
Logging in with valid or invalid credentials: test_login.py
Testing the Homepage functions after successful login: test_homepage_after_login.py

(Test cases 1 and 3 share similarities, with 3 including additional functions, while 1 serves as a subset of 3).

Each test case has three corresponding files, and I have already implemented 1 and 2 successfully. For the third one, I decided to import relevant functions from modules 1 and 2 to avoid redundancy.

Regarding duplicate validations for logging in, my query is whether it is necessary to validate login every time. Should I establish an order or dependency by utilizing tools like pytest-ordering or pytest-dependency when automating these test cases?

Another scenario that comes to mind is implementing a "logout" function. In this situation, logging out requires a prior login. Therefore, should I include login validation again before executing logout? Is it advisable to incorporate dependencies here or keep the scripts independent?

Thank you all in advance for your guidance and insights.

python python-3.x selenium pytest ui-automation

Answer 1

Answer №1

Implementing cookies for authentication can significantly improve the speed of your tests. Here's a simple example:

public void setAuthenticationCookies() {
        Cookie at = new Cookie("Cookie_AccessToken", prop.getAccessToken(), "/", DatatypeConverter.parseDateTime("2030-01-01T12:00:00Z").getTime());
        Cookie rt = new Cookie("Cookie_RefreshToken", prop.getRefreshToken(), "/", DatatypeConverter.parseDateTime("2030-01-01T12:00:00Z").getTime());
        driver.manage().addCookie(at);
        driver.manage().addCookie(rt);
}

For more information, check out https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/java/org/openqa/selenium/Cookie.html

To prevent logout issues, it is recommended to login before logging out in order to maintain test independence.

Answer 2

Implementing cookies for authentication can significantly improve the speed of your tests. Here's a simple example:

public void setAuthenticationCookies() {
        Cookie at = new Cookie("Cookie_AccessToken", prop.getAccessToken(), "/", DatatypeConverter.parseDateTime("2030-01-01T12:00:00Z").getTime());
        Cookie rt = new Cookie("Cookie_RefreshToken", prop.getRefreshToken(), "/", DatatypeConverter.parseDateTime("2030-01-01T12:00:00Z").getTime());
        driver.manage().addCookie(at);
        driver.manage().addCookie(rt);
}

For more information, check out https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/java/org/openqa/selenium/Cookie.html

To prevent logout issues, it is recommended to login before logging out in order to maintain test independence.

Answer 3

Answer №2

When it comes to designing tests, there isn't a one-size-fits-all answer. I can offer you some tips and guidelines that I personally follow:

Instead of designing tests for each individual page, I focus on creating short scenarios that validate the most important behaviors and outcomes from the customer's perspective.
Login is a critical aspect, often needed at the beginning of many tests. While verifying login itself may not be the main objective, other tests may depend on a successful login. A fixture can handle the login process before executing tests, ensuring consistency and preventing failures from impacting subsequent testing steps.
I often combine login tests with registration processes since the goal of registration is to enable users to log in successfully. Testing them separately may not provide much value as they are interconnected.
When it comes to code reuse and creating page objects, I follow a systematic approach. I write tests in a clear and readable manner, using placeholders for classes and methods. As I implement these elements to make tests pass, I look for opportunities to reuse existing code or refactor functions to eliminate duplications. This method promotes code reusability and helps me design tests efficiently. Sometimes, this process results in creating page objects or adopting other design patterns.

Feel free to explore a more detailed explanation of this method, including a step-by-step tutorial, in my book Completed Guide to Test Automation.

Answer 4

When it comes to designing tests, there isn't a one-size-fits-all answer. I can offer you some tips and guidelines that I personally follow:

Instead of designing tests for each individual page, I focus on creating short scenarios that validate the most important behaviors and outcomes from the customer's perspective.
Login is a critical aspect, often needed at the beginning of many tests. While verifying login itself may not be the main objective, other tests may depend on a successful login. A fixture can handle the login process before executing tests, ensuring consistency and preventing failures from impacting subsequent testing steps.
I often combine login tests with registration processes since the goal of registration is to enable users to log in successfully. Testing them separately may not provide much value as they are interconnected.
When it comes to code reuse and creating page objects, I follow a systematic approach. I write tests in a clear and readable manner, using placeholders for classes and methods. As I implement these elements to make tests pass, I look for opportunities to reuse existing code or refactor functions to eliminate duplications. This method promotes code reusability and helps me design tests efficiently. Sometimes, this process results in creating page objects or adopting other design patterns.

Feel free to explore a more detailed explanation of this method, including a step-by-step tutorial, in my book Completed Guide to Test Automation.

What strategies can be used to create a Page Object Model that is free from redundancy?

Answer №1

Answer №2

Similar questions

Is Protractor compatible with Internet Explorer 9?

Error encountered while using Selenium's By.className() method: IndexOutOfBoundsException - Index: 0, Size: 0

Is it possible to scrape using Python Beautiful Soup only when the text matches?

Is there a way to create a siren sound using Python?

Having trouble retrieving tweets using Python's Selenium?

Uncovering targeted terms within JSON structures with Python

Optimizing hyperparameters for implicit matrix factorization model in pyspark.ml using CrossValidator

Finding elements using CSS selectors in Selenium can be done by following these steps

Utilizing Selenium IDE and XPath to confirm that a checkbox is selected only when the associated label contains certain text

Is there a recommended method for utilizing multiple selenium webdrivers at the same time?

Executing tasks concurrently in Snakemake rule

Ways to handle numerous incoming requests in a Tornado application

Tips for selecting the correct date on a DatePicker using selenium?

There seems to be an issue with the compatibility of the Action class in Selenium version 3.5

Adding JSON Objects in Python

How can I exit a terminal window with the help of Python?

Selenium bypasses clicking on JavaScript pop-ups

In Python, the task involves eliminating any special characters present in a string. Furthermore, extra characters will be added to the string if

A simple demo showcasing interactive HTML pages using Django and AJAX

The Django dropdown does not display any options