Why does TypeScript struggle to accurately deduce the return type when provided with certain parameter values?

I have a function that uses a switch case to return different results depending on the input. The function, called "getTimeAgo," takes in two parameters: "date" (which can be either a Date object or a string) and "mode" (which can only be either "days" or "minutes").

export function getTimeAgo(
  date: Date | string,
  mode: "days" | "minutes" = "days"
) {
  if (typeof date === "string") {
    date = new Date(date);
  }
  switch (mode) {
    case "days":
      return calculateDaysAgo(date);
    case "minutes":
      return calculateMinutesAgo(date);
    default:
      return { timeAgo: "", numFormat: null };
  }
}

The calculateDaysAgo function:

function calculateDaysAgo(date: Date) {
  let timeAgo = "";
  const curDate = new Date();
  const days = Math.round(
    (date.valueOf() - curDate.valueOf()) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)
  );

  if (days === 0) {
    timeAgo = "Ends today";
  } else if (days < 0) {
    const nonNegativeDays = days * -1;
    timeAgo = `${nonNegativeDays} days behind`;
  } else {
    timeAgo = `${days} days left`;
  }
  if (days === 1) {
    timeAgo = timeAgo.replace("days", "day");
  }

  return { timeAgo, numFormat: days };
}

Now let's call the function to get the results:

const { timeAgo, numFormat: days } = getTimeAgo(date,"days");

In the variable "days," I'm encountering an error suggesting that it could be null. However, shouldn't the result always be non-null based on the selected "mode" of the function?

Answer №1

TypyScript does not perform any control flow analysis to determine the return type of a function based on the input values and the code within the function. When hovering over the definition of getTimeAgo, you will notice that the return type is simply a union of all the different values that the function can return.

{
    timeAgo: string;
    numFormat: number;
} | {
    timeAgo: string;
    numFormat: null;
}

Therefore, regardless of the arguments passed to the function, the return type will always be this union where the value of numFormat may potentially be null.

To alter this behavior, function overloading can be used. Function overloading allows TypeScript to explicitly determine the return type based on the provided arguments.

export function getTimeAgo<
  T extends "days" | "minutes"
>(date: Date | string, mode: T): { 
  timeAgo: string, numFormat: T extends "days" | "minutes" ? number : null 
}

export function getTimeAgo(
  date: Date | string,
  mode: "days" | "minutes" = "days"
) {
  /* ... */
}

In the return type, conditions can be created based on the value of T to form an appropriate return type accordingly.

Playground

However, in the provided code snippet, it does not appear necessary to include function overloading. The default clause of the switch statement can also be removed since it is inaccessible.

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