Here's my temporary solution until Selenium 4 is released (which will also be compatible with Selenium 4). This code snippet is a quick and rough demonstration of how it can be achieved. Feel free to modify and enhance it as needed.

using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using OpenQA.Selenium;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome;
using OpenQA.Selenium.Remote;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Text;

namespace GetChromeConsoleLog
{
    internal static class Program
    {
        private static void Main()
        {
            // configure options
            var options = new ChromeOptions();
            options.SetLoggingPreference(LogType.Browser, LogLevel.All);

            // perform necessary actions
            var driver = new ChromeDriver(options)
            {
                Url = "https://www.yahoo.com/"
            };

            var logs = driver.GetBrowserLogs();

            // retrieve and display logs using the extension method GetBrowserLogs
            foreach (var log in driver.GetBrowserLogs())
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{log["timestamp"]}: {log["message"]}");
            }

            // cleanup
            driver.Dispose();

            // keep the console open
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit...");
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }

    public static class WebDriverExtensions
    {
        public static IEnumerable<IDictionary<string, object>> GetBrowserLogs(this IWebDriver driver)
        {
            // not a chrome driver
            if(driver.GetType() != typeof(ChromeDriver))
            {
                return Array.Empty<IDictionary<string, object>>();
            }

            // setup
            var endpoint = GetEndpoint(driver);
            var session = GetSession(driver);
            var resource = $"{endpoint}session/{session}/se/log";
            const string jsonBody = @"{""type"":""browser""}";

            // execute
            using (var httpClient = new HttpClient())
            {
                var content = new StringContent(jsonBody, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
                var response = httpClient.PostAsync(resource, content).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
                var responseBody = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().GetAwaiter().GetResult();
                return AsLogEntries(responseBody);
            }
        }

        private static string GetEndpoint(IWebDriver driver)
        {
            // setup
            const BindingFlags Flags = BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.NonPublic;

            // get RemoteWebDriver type
            var remoteWebDriver = GetRemoteWebDriver(driver.GetType());

            // obtain executor instance > obtain internalExecutor from this instance
            var executor = remoteWebDriver.GetField("executor", Flags).GetValue(driver) as ICommandExecutor;

            // get URL
            var uri = executor.GetType().GetField("remoteServerUri", Flags).GetValue(executor) as Uri;

            // result
            return uri.AbsoluteUri;
        }

        private static Type GetRemoteWebDriver(Type type)
        {
            if (!typeof(RemoteWebDriver).IsAssignableFrom(type))
            {
                return type;
            }

            while (type != typeof(RemoteWebDriver))
            {
                type = type.BaseType;
            }

            return type;
        }

        private static SessionId GetSession(IWebDriver driver)
        {
            if (driver is IHasSessionId id)
            {
                return id.SessionId;
            }
            return new SessionId($"gravity-{Guid.NewGuid()}");
        }

        private static IEnumerable<IDictionary<string, object>> AsLogEntries(string responseBody)
        {
            // setup
            var value = $"{JToken.Parse(responseBody)["value"]}";
            return JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<IEnumerable<Dictionary<string, object>>>(value);
        }
    }
}

get logs

While I have successfully utilized the mentioned property in the past, I am currently facing difficulties getting it to function with ChromeDriver version 75 and above. Upon further investigation, I discovered that similar issues have been raised regarding this matter on this page.

Although the issue was reported as fixed in GitHub issue #7323 here, testing with ChromeDriver Nuget version 77.0.3865.4000 still shows that the issue persists.

Testing with the latest stable version of Chromedriver 78.0.3904.7000 confirms that the problem has not been resolved.

Attempts to use workarounds mentioned in Selenium issue #7335 here have been made, but even though they enable driver instantiation, the logs remain inaccessible and null.

One workaround involves setting

typeof(CapabilityType).GetField(nameof(CapabilityType.LoggingPreferences), BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.Public).SetValue(null, "goog:loggingPrefs");

when creating a chromedriver instance.

According to MatthewSteeples in the same issue, the fix has been implemented but not yet released on Nuget. It is expected to be included in the next release.

Edit: The reason for using an older ChromeDriver Nuget is to facilitate running automated tests locally and in the Hosted Azure Devops release pipeline without needing to manually adjust the Nuget version.