When setting a value that has been explicitly casted, the original literal type remains intact for the new property or variable

After defining the constant MODE with specific values, I noticed something interesting:

const MODE = {
    NONE: 0 as 0, 
    COMPLETED: 1 as 1, 
    DELETED: 2 as 2 
} as const 
// In a CreateReactApp project, enums aren't available 

It became apparent that these types would remain fixed upon assignment.

let mode = MODE.NONE
let someNumber = 5

The type of 'mode' is set to 0, while 'someNumber' retains its number identity. If I transfer a final value into a let variable, it typically indicates a desire for modification rather than preservation.

To address this issue, you can explicitly define the variable type:

let mode: number = MODE.NONE // or use a more specific type like typeof MODE[keyof typeof MODE]

However, I'm curious about the reasoning behind preserving literal types in such scenarios. When is it beneficial to maintain a literal type after assigning a value to a non-readonly variable or property?

Answer №1

Looking at the situation from a different perspective, it is generally important to preserve types when inferring from assignments. Exceptions occur when an assignment results in a change of type, such as widening of a literal type.

For example, let's consider this scenario:

let MODE = { NONE: 0 as 0 }
let mode = MODE.NONE // still 0
const NONE = 0; // 
let mode2 = NONE; // number

When the type originates from a const declaration, it is reasonable for the type to widen upon assignment, especially if the intention is to assign the constant to a variable and modify it further.

Prior to as const assertions, obtaining a literal type within an object required an assertion or explicit type annotation. Therefore, it is understandable why the compiler would honor this user request for preserving types. However, with as const, the assertion no longer directly applies to the values, making it less explicit. Consistency in type preservation avoids unexpected behavior.

How does this mechanism operate?

Based on my examination of the compiler code, there is a concept of 'freshness' associated with a type. If a literal type is considered fresh, it will be widened upon assignment. Conversely, a literal type that is no longer fresh will be preserved. The removal of freshness occurs when assigning a property to an object, leading to instances where types are widened and others where they remain intact:

let MODE = { NONE: 0 as 0 }
let mode = MODE.NONE // still 0, typeof MODE.NONE is not fresh
const NONE = 0; // 
let mode2 = NONE; // number, NONE is fresh so it gets widened 

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